科技英语翻译
科技英语特点
冠词
\1. Voltage is measured in volts.
\2. The voltage across this capacitor is a few hundredths of a volt.
\3. If a voltage is applied across a circuit, a current will flow in the circuit.
说明:同一个名词,有的时候把它作为物质名词,不可数(copper,aluminum, lead),前面不加任何冠词;有的时候作为可数名词加a,区别是:比如电压或者速度这样的物理量,如果是在对它做一个宏观描述,比如:电压等于电流乘以电阻,电压的单位是什么?这种宏观描述就把他作为一个物质名词了,所以前面是零冠词。如果是一个带具体数值的,比如220伏的电压,五伏的电压,那么他一定是加a的。a voltage of 220 volts
第三个句子里面虽然没有出现数值,但是它已经涉及到了一个具体电路的电压了,所以一定隐含的是一个具体数值的电压这样一个概念的。
再比如speed速度,如果你只是泛泛地说speed这个物理量,“速度是力学中一个常见单位”,或者说“速度等于距离与时间之比”,speed前面是不加任何冠词的。Speed is defined as the ratio of distance to time. 但如果说“每秒五十米的速度”,那一定是at a speed of fifty meters per second. 再如,Body is moving at a high / low speed. 虽然该句没有把具体数值给出来,但是high speed/low speed都有隐含的一个数量概念的。
综上:一个物理量如果是宏观描述,则前面是零冠词;如果明确指出数值,或者隐含着一个数量值,则加不定冠词a。有些词,如water,milk这种物质名词在任何情况下都是不可数的,前面都不会加the,也不会加a。
连词
数词
1.表示分数的方法
(1) 一般的公式
分子(基数词)/ 分母(序数词——分子超过1时用复数)
5/6 five sixths
1/2 one [a] half
我们能够说“one second”来表示“1/2”吗?【绝不能】
This means that the volume(体积)decreases by 50 millionths of the original volume.
这意味着其体积缩小了原来的百万分之50。
★如何表示“零点几(克;伏特;安培)”?[即“十分之几…”,“百分之几…”。。。]
**Formula: a few (or: several) tenths of a [an] +**单位
[分子是“几”,一般用a few;也有用several的;分母用tenths, hundredths, thousandths, millionths…]
The weight of a given body varies by *a few tenths* of a percent from point to point on the earth’s surface.
某一给定物体的重量在地球表面上各处会相差千分之几【作者用了“百分之一的十分之几】
(2)科技上的一种特殊方法 (往往表示一个很小的分数,如“千分之……”、“万分之……”、“百万分之……”):分子用“基数词+parts(基数词为1时用单数形式)”来表示,分母用“per或in a + 数词”或“in+ 阿拉伯数字”来表示。
This number differs from that one by *more than 1 part in 107*.
这个数与那个数相差大于107之一。
\2. 数词作前置定语的特殊情况
The mass of the proton is about *1836 times that* of the electron.
质子的质量为电子的1836倍。
At(以)this angular(角的)speed, the man will weigh *four times what he does* in his normal(正常的)1g environment.
(如果)以这个角速度(转动)的话,这个人的重量将是他在正常1g 环境下(的重量)的4倍。【1g是指一个重力加速度】
“这时该支路(branch)中的电流为原来的十倍。”
The current in the branch is 10 times what it was. [= 10 times its original value]【老外喜欢用what it was来表示】
\3. 两个句型的译法
(1) 第一个句型
The average Nu is found to equal 23.5 or nearly *4.5 times* *greater* than the ideal Nu of 5.38.
我们发现平均Nu值等于23.5,即比理想Nu值5.38几乎大了3.5倍【或:几乎是理想Nu值5.38的4.5倍】。
“这本书比那本厚三倍。”
This book is four times thicker than that one.
公式:*n* times + comparative degree = *n* times as … (as)
***实用口诀:
★英译汉减一倍;汉译英加一倍。
(2) 第二个句型
The price of the personal computer of 1980 is *a factor of 100* lower than that of the earlier model.
1980年个人计算机的价格是较早机型价格的1/100【即:降了99倍】。
公式: by a factor of *n* = multiplied by *n*
“增加到N倍”;“增加了N-1倍”
increase by a factor of N
N times greater / longer / thicker than
“降为(减少到)原来的1/N;降低(减少)了N-1倍”
reduce by a factor of N
a factor of N lower than that of…
练习题
1
\1. the(各项均为负。)
\2. the; a (功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升/温度上升太高而能安全地耗散的最大功率。)
\3. an(这是均方根值伏特计。) rms: root mean square 均方根值
\4. The; a(该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。)
\5. the; a; a(在氢原子的布尔模型中,一个电子绕一个质子以半径为 R 的圆周运转。)
\6. the(电阻的单位是欧姆。)
\7. an (这是一个 h 参数。)
\8. /; /(图 5-1 画出了 Oersted 的实验。)
\9. A; a; a(机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。)
\10. /(第14章将介绍水压机。 / 水压机将在第 14 章加以考虑。)
\11. the; the (我们容易确定参数µ的值。)
\12. /; the(根据式(2-1),我们得到以下的关系式。)
\13. A rocket is made of metal.
\14. Does / light consist of / waves or / particles?
\15. A magnet has an S pole and an N pole.
\16. A UFO appeared in the sky last night.
2
1、对系统的控制是一门跨学科的(interdisciplinary)科目。
2、速度等于距离与时间之比。
3、图5-1 Q点对晶体管transistor工作的影响。
4、论文对其性能做了初步的分析。
\1. The control of systems is an interdisciplinary subject.
\2. Speed is equal to the ratio of distance to time.
\3. Figure 5-1 Effect of Q-point on operation of transistors.
\4. An initial analysis of its performance has been made in this paper.
3
\1. Its error is six parts in one hundred billion.
\2. This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).
\3. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.
\4. The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.
\5. Now its internal pressure is one sixteenth what it was.
Now its internal pressure is reduced by a factor of 16.
III、
\1. This object is over five times heavier than that one is.
4
英译汉:
\1. This causes the collector current(集电极电流)to increase *by a factor of100*. (= multiplied by …)
\2. If the radius(半径)is halved, the flow rate(流速)is reduced *by a factor of 16*.
用合适的介词短语填空:
\1. This book is _____ great help to electronic engineers.(极有帮助)
\2. ______ the 4 chapters, Chapter 3 is the most important.(在这四章中)
\3. This problem can be solved _____ (much) ease.(很容易)
\4. In this case, current leads voltage ____ 90°.(前导90°)
\5. _____ x>0, there is no solution to the equation. (若x>0)
\6. Now it is necessary for us to solve this equation ________.(求出那个未知数)
\7. ________________________, it is found that v is equal to the velocity of light . (把这些值代入substitute后)
\8. These waves travel only ______________.(只朝一个方向)
\9. __________________, physicists define electric field intensity.(在研究电学时)
C-E Translation
不久的将来对这种设备的需求量为现在的20倍。
E-C Translation
On being compressed, the volume of a substance will be reduced.